TY - JOUR
T1 - A multi-analytical approach for the evaluation of the efficiency of the conservation-restoration treatment of Moroccan historical manuscripts dating to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries
AU - Hajji, Latifa
AU - Boukir, Abdellatif
AU - Assouik, Jamal
AU - Kerbal, Abdelali
AU - Kajjout, Mohamed
AU - Doumenq, Pierre
AU - De Carvalho, Maria Luisa
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - The most critical steps during the conservation-restoration treatment applied in Moroccan libraries are the deacidification using immersion in a saturated aqueous calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solution and the consolidation of degraded manuscripts using Japanese paper. The present study aims to assess the efficiency of this restoration method using a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, three ancient Arabic Moroccan manuscript papers dating back to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries were investigated to characterize the paper support and make a comparative study between pre-restoration and post-restoration states. Three structural and molecular characterization techniques including solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on 13C with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP-MAS NMR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and Xray diffraction (XRD) were used to elucidate the cellulose main features, to identify the inorganic composition of the papers, and to study the crystallinity of the samples. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) allowed us to obtain a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the mineral fillers used in the manufacturing of the papers. Scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectrometry (SEMEDS) ascertained the state of conservation of the different papers and helped us to study the elemental composition of the samples. After restoration, it was shown that the deacidification improved the stability of papers by providing an important alkaline buffer, as demonstrated using FT-IR and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) results. However, XRD and ICP-AES did not confirm the pertinence of the treatment for all samples because of the unequal distribution of Ca on the paper surface during the restoration. The consolidation process was studied using SEM analysis; its effectiveness in restoring torn areas was found to be significant.
AB - The most critical steps during the conservation-restoration treatment applied in Moroccan libraries are the deacidification using immersion in a saturated aqueous calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solution and the consolidation of degraded manuscripts using Japanese paper. The present study aims to assess the efficiency of this restoration method using a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, three ancient Arabic Moroccan manuscript papers dating back to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries were investigated to characterize the paper support and make a comparative study between pre-restoration and post-restoration states. Three structural and molecular characterization techniques including solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on 13C with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP-MAS NMR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and Xray diffraction (XRD) were used to elucidate the cellulose main features, to identify the inorganic composition of the papers, and to study the crystallinity of the samples. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) allowed us to obtain a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the mineral fillers used in the manufacturing of the papers. Scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectrometry (SEMEDS) ascertained the state of conservation of the different papers and helped us to study the elemental composition of the samples. After restoration, it was shown that the deacidification improved the stability of papers by providing an important alkaline buffer, as demonstrated using FT-IR and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) results. However, XRD and ICP-AES did not confirm the pertinence of the treatment for all samples because of the unequal distribution of Ca on the paper surface during the restoration. The consolidation process was studied using SEM analysis; its effectiveness in restoring torn areas was found to be significant.
KW - C CPMAS NMR
KW - C with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance
KW - ATR FT-IR
KW - Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared
KW - ICP-AES
KW - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
KW - Manuscript paper
KW - Restoration
KW - Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive Spectrometry
KW - SEM-EDS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84945217714&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1366/14-07688
DO - 10.1366/14-07688
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84945217714
SN - 0003-7028
VL - 69
SP - 920
EP - 938
JO - Applied Spectroscopy
JF - Applied Spectroscopy
IS - 8
ER -