TY - JOUR
T1 - A global review of ecological fiscal transfers
AU - Busch, Jonah
AU - Ring, Irene
AU - Akullo, Monique
AU - Amarjargal, Oyut
AU - Borie, Maud
AU - Cassola, Rodrigo S.
AU - Cruz-Trinidad, Annabelle
AU - Droste, Nils
AU - Haryanto, Joko Tri
AU - Kasymov, Ulan
AU - Kotenko, Nataliia Viktorivna
AU - Lhkagvadorj, Ariunaa
AU - De Paulo, Felipe Luiz Lima
AU - May, Peter H.
AU - Mukherjee, Anit
AU - Mumbunan, Sonny
AU - Santos, Rui
AU - Tacconi, Luca
AU - Verde Selva, Gracie
AU - Verma, Madhu
AU - Wang, Xiaoxi
AU - Yu, Lu
AU - Zhou, Kecen
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04085%2F2020/PT#
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) transfer public revenue between governments within a country based on ecological indicators. EFT can compensate subnational governments for the costs of conserving ecosystems and in principle can incentivize greater ecological conservation. We review established EFT in Brazil, Portugal, France, China and India, and emerging or proposed EFT in ten more countries. We analyse common themes related to EFT emergence, design and effects. EFT have grown rapidly from US$0.35 billion yr−1 in 2007 to US$23 billion yr−1 in 2020. We discuss the scope of opportunity to expand EFT to other countries by ‘greening’ intergovernmental fiscal transfers.
AB - Ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) transfer public revenue between governments within a country based on ecological indicators. EFT can compensate subnational governments for the costs of conserving ecosystems and in principle can incentivize greater ecological conservation. We review established EFT in Brazil, Portugal, France, China and India, and emerging or proposed EFT in ten more countries. We analyse common themes related to EFT emergence, design and effects. EFT have grown rapidly from US$0.35 billion yr−1 in 2007 to US$23 billion yr−1 in 2020. We discuss the scope of opportunity to expand EFT to other countries by ‘greening’ intergovernmental fiscal transfers.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108434136&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41893-021-00728-0
DO - 10.1038/s41893-021-00728-0
M3 - Review article
SN - 2398-9629
VL - 4
SP - 756
EP - 765
JO - Nature Sustainability
JF - Nature Sustainability
IS - 9
ER -