Abstract
Em Portugal, a República foi imposta por uma revolução, a 5 de outubro de 1910 quando, passados mais de sete séculos de Monarquia, o chefe de Estado passou a ser eleito. Apesar do interesse de que se reveste o estudo do comportamento da imprensa nas eleições para a Presidência durante a I República Portuguesa ( 5 de outubro de 1910 a 28 de maio de 1926), trata-se de uma temática ainda não abordada na história do jornalismo português, maioritariamente, interessada em eleições presidenciais recentes. Esta pesquisa tem, assim, como objetivo geral contribuir para entender como, à época, a imprensa, enquadrou as eleições para a chefia do Estado durante a I República, indiciando as possíveis visões que, sobre estas eleições, circulavam entre os cidadãos (“opinião pública”). Para isso, foram analisadas as coberturas que as revistas ilustradas generalistas e politicamente independentes de expansão nacional portuguesas fizeram das eleições presidenciais durante a I República, sendo elas: Ocidente (1878-1915), Brasil-Portugal (1899-1914), Serões (1901-1911) e Ilustração Portuguesa (1903-1924), que vinham da Monarquia, e ABC — Revista Portuguesa (1920-1931) e O Domingo Ilustrado (1925-1927). A investigação combinou uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa do discurso das revistas, articulando a deteção, a recolha e a análise dos dados dos dois números anteriores e posteriores às datas de cada eleição. O estudo concluiu que as eleições presidenciais, na I República, tiveram forte repercussão e um elevado valor como notícia; foram acontecimentos de grande simbolismo político, social e cultural, à semelhança das entronizações nas monarquias. Tendo em conta a época e considerando o carácter independente das publicações, as coberturas foram essencialmente descritivas, pouco analíticas e interpretativas; centraram-se na “pessoalização”, com forte recurso à fotografia de retrato. Todas as revistas apresentaram o desencanto com a I República, nomeadamente com as dissensões e lutas no campo político, frequentemente violentas; mas as eleições foram enquadradas no âmbito de um discurso voltado para o futuro, elogioso para cada um dos novos presidentes.
In Portugal, the Republic was imposed by a revolution on October 5, 1910 when, after more than seven centuries of Monarchy, the head of state was elected. Despite the interest in studying the behaviour of the press in the presidential elections during the First Portuguese Republic (October 5, 1910 to May 28, 1926), this is a subject not yet addressed in the history of Portuguese journalism, mainly interested in recent presidential elections. So, this research has, as a general objective, to contribute to understand how, at the time, the press framed the elections for the head of the State during the First Republic, indicating the possible perspectives that, about these elections, circulated among citizens (“public opinion”). To this end, was analysed the coverage that the general and politically independent il-lustrated news-magazines of national circulation made of the presidential elections during the I Republic, namely OOcidente (1878-1915), Brasil-Portugal (1899-1914), Serões (1901-1911) e IlustraçãoPortuguesa (1903-1924), which came from the Monarchy, and ABC — Revista Portuguesa (1920-1931) and O Domingo Ilustrado (1925-1927). The research combined a quantitative and qualitative approach to the magazine’s discourse, articulating the detection, collection and analysis of data from the two issues published before and after the dates of each election. The study concluded that the presidential elections in the First Republic had a strong impact and a high value as news. They were events of great political, social and cultural symbolism, similar to the enthronements in monarchies. Taking into account the time and considering the independent nature of the selected news-magazines, it was founded that the coverage was essentially descriptive, not analytical and interpretive; focused on “personalization”, with a strong use of portrait photography. All magazines showed their disenchantment with the First Republic, namely with the dissensions and struggles in the political field, often violent, but the elections were framed within the scope of a speech aimed at the future, praising each one of the new presidents.
In Portugal, the Republic was imposed by a revolution on October 5, 1910 when, after more than seven centuries of Monarchy, the head of state was elected. Despite the interest in studying the behaviour of the press in the presidential elections during the First Portuguese Republic (October 5, 1910 to May 28, 1926), this is a subject not yet addressed in the history of Portuguese journalism, mainly interested in recent presidential elections. So, this research has, as a general objective, to contribute to understand how, at the time, the press framed the elections for the head of the State during the First Republic, indicating the possible perspectives that, about these elections, circulated among citizens (“public opinion”). To this end, was analysed the coverage that the general and politically independent il-lustrated news-magazines of national circulation made of the presidential elections during the I Republic, namely OOcidente (1878-1915), Brasil-Portugal (1899-1914), Serões (1901-1911) e IlustraçãoPortuguesa (1903-1924), which came from the Monarchy, and ABC — Revista Portuguesa (1920-1931) and O Domingo Ilustrado (1925-1927). The research combined a quantitative and qualitative approach to the magazine’s discourse, articulating the detection, collection and analysis of data from the two issues published before and after the dates of each election. The study concluded that the presidential elections in the First Republic had a strong impact and a high value as news. They were events of great political, social and cultural symbolism, similar to the enthronements in monarchies. Taking into account the time and considering the independent nature of the selected news-magazines, it was founded that the coverage was essentially descriptive, not analytical and interpretive; focused on “personalization”, with a strong use of portrait photography. All magazines showed their disenchantment with the First Republic, namely with the dissensions and struggles in the political field, often violent, but the elections were framed within the scope of a speech aimed at the future, praising each one of the new presidents.
Translated title of the contribution | The coverage of the presidential elections in Portugal in the illustrated magazines of the I Republic (1910-1926) |
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Original language | Portuguese |
Title of host publication | Para uma história do jornalismo em Portugal III |
Editors | Carla Baptista, Jorge Pedro Sousa, Celiana Azevedo |
Place of Publication | Lisboa |
Publisher | ICNOVA – Instituto de Comunicação da Nova |
Pages | 111-202 |
Number of pages | 91 |
Volume | 3 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 978-989-9048-13-3 |
ISBN (Print) | 978-989-9048-15-7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2021 |
Publication series
Name | Livros ICNOVA |
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Keywords
- Eleições presidenciais
- Portugal
- I República
- Cobertura jornalística
- Análise do discurso
- Presidential elections
- First Republic
- Journalistic cover
- Discourse analysis